24 research outputs found
Ustekinumab for the treatment of moderateâtoâsevere plaque psoriasis in paediatric patients (â„ 6 to < 12 years of age): efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic and biomarker results from the openâlabel CADMUS Jr study
Background Limited options are available for treatment of paediatric psoriasis. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in paediatric patients with psoriasis (>= 6 to = 60 to 100 kg: 90 mg) administered by subcutaneous injection at weeks 0 and 4, then every 12 weeks through week 40. Study endpoints (all at week 12) included the proportions of patients achieving a Physician's Global Assessment score of cleared/minimal (PGA 0/1) and >= 75%/90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75/90), and change in Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI). Serum ustekinumab concentrations, antidrug antibodies and cytokine levels were measured through week 52. Safety was evaluated through week 56. Results In total, 44 patients (median age 9 center dot 5 years) received at least one dose of ustekinumab. Three patients discontinued the study agent through week 40. At week 12, 77% of patients achieved PGA 0/1, 84% achieved PASI 75 and 64% achieved PASI 90 response. The mean change in CDLQI was -6 center dot 3. Trough serum ustekinumab concentrations reached steady state at weeks 28-52. The incidence of antidrug antibodies was 10% (n = 4). Mean serum concentrations of interleukin-17A/F and interleukin-22 were significantly reduced at weeks 12 and 52. Overall, 34 patients (77%) had at least one adverse event and three (7%) had a serious adverse event. Conclusions Ustekinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe psoriasis in paediatric patients, and no new safety concerns were identified.
What is already known about this topic? Ustekinumab is approved for use in adolescents (>= 12 to = 18 years) with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
What does this study add? Ustekinumab effectively treats moderate-to-severe psoriasis in paediatric patients (>= 6 to < 12 years of age), with no new safety concerns
Dupilumab provides favourable longâterm safety and efficacy in children aged â„ 6 to < 12 years with uncontrolled, severe atopic dermatitis: results from an openâlabel phase IIa study and subsequent phase III openâlabel extension study
Background
Children aged â„ 6 to < 12 years with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have limited treatment options. In a 16âweek, randomized, placeboâcontrolled, phase III trial in children, dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting interleukin (IL)â4/ILâ13 signalling, significantly improved signs and symptoms with acceptable safety; longerâterm safety and efficacy data are lacking.
Objectives
To report the pharmacokinetic profile and longâterm safety and efficacy of dupilumab in children (aged â„ 6 to < 12 years) with severe AD.
Methods
Children (aged â„ 6 to < 12 years) with severe AD were enrolled in a global, multicentre, phase IIa, openâlabel, ascendingâdose, sequential cohort study and subsequent openâlabel extension (OLE) study. Patients received singleâdose dupilumab 2 or 4 mg kgâ1 followed by 8âweek pharmacokinetic sampling, then 2 or 4 mg kgâ1 weekly for 4 weeks (phase IIa), followed by the same weekly regimen (OLE). Primary endpoints were dupilumab concentrationâtime profile and treatmentâemergent adverse events (TEAEs); secondary assessments included Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (PPâNRS) score.
Results
Of 38 children enrolled, 37 completed phase IIa and 33 continued to the OLE. Nonlinear, targetâmediated pharmacokinetics characterized dupilumab concentrations (week 24â48 mean serum concentrations: 2 mg kgâ1, 61â77 mg Lâ1; 4 mg kgâ1, 143â181 mg Lâ1). TEAEs were mostly mild to moderate and transient; none led to treatment discontinuation. The most commonly reported TEAEs were nasopharyngitis (2 mg kgâ1, 47%; 4 mg kgâ1, 56%) and AD exacerbation (29% and 13%, respectively). Singleâdose dupilumab rapidly improved AD with further improvements through week 52. Mean EASI and PPâNRS improved by â37%/â33% and â17%/â20% at week 2 (phase IIa) and â92%/â84% and â70%/â58% at week 52 (OLE), respectively.
Conclusions
These safety and efficacy results support the use of dupilumab as a continuous longâterm treatment for children aged â„ 6 to < 12 years with severe AD
Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib monotherapy in adolescents and adults: a post hoc analysis of the phase 3 JAK1 atopic dermatitis efficacy and safety (JADE) REGIMEN clinical trial
Background: Differences in atopic dermatitis (AD) disease course and manifestation with age may extend to treatment response. Objective: To evaluate response maintenance with continuous-/reduced-dose abrocitinib or withdrawal and response to treatment reintroduction after flare in adolescent and adult participants in JADE REGIMEN (NCT03627767). Methods: Adolescents (12â17 years) and adults with moderate-to-severe AD responding to abrocitinib 200-mg induction were randomly assigned to 40-week maintenance with abrocitinib (200 mg/100 mg) or placebo. Patients who experienced flare during maintenance received rescue treatment. Results: Of 246 adolescents and 981 adults, 145/246 (58.9%) and 655/981 (66.8%), respectively, responded to induction. Similar proportions of adolescents and adults experienced flare during maintenance with abrocitinib 200 mg (14.9%/16.9%), 100 mg (42.9%/38.9%), and placebo (75.5%/78.0%). From the abrocitinib 200-mg, 100-mg, and placebo arms, respectively, Eczema Area and Severity Index response was recaptured by 28.6%, 25.0%, and 52.9% of adolescents and 34.3%, 33.7%, and 58.0% of adults; Investigatorâs Global Assessment response, by 42.9%, 50.0%, and 73.5% of adolescents and 34.3%, 50.6%, and 74.1% of adults. Abrocitinib had a similar safety profile regardless of age; nausea incidence was higher in adolescents. Limitations: Adolescents represented 20% of the trial population. Conclusion: Abrocitinib was effective in preventing flare in adolescents and adults.Clinicaltrials.gov listing: NCT03627767
Infections in children aged 6 months to 5 years treated with dupilumab in a placebo-controlled clinical trial of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Background:
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), particularly infants and young children, are at greater risk of developing skin infections. In this study, we assessed infection rates in AD patients aged 6 months to 5 years treated with dupilumab.
Methods:
In LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial, children aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized 1:1 to subcutaneous dupilumab or placebo, with concomitant low-potency topical corticosteroids, every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. Exposure-adjusted infection rates were used to compare treatment groups.
Results:
The analysis included 162 patients, of whom 83 received dupilumab and 79 received placebo. Total infection rates were not significantly different between the dupilumab and placebo groups (rate ratio [RR] 0.75, 95% CI 0.48â1.19; p = 0.223). Non-herpetic adjudicated skin infections and bacterial infections were significantly less frequent with dupilumab versus placebo (non-herpetic skin infections: RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21â0.99; p = 0.047; bacterial infections: RR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01â0.67; p = 0.019), and the number of patients using systemic anti-infective medication was significantly lower in the dupilumab group (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30â0.89; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences in the number of herpetic infections between the dupilumab and placebo groups (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.31â4.35; p = 0.817). The number of patients with two or more infection events was significantly higher in the placebo group (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12â0.68; p = 0.004), and no severe or serious infections (including eczema herpeticum) were observed among patients receiving dupilumab.
Conclusions:
These data suggest that dupilumab treatment in infants and children younger than 6 years with AD does not increase overall risk of infections and is associated with a reduced risk of bacterial and non-herpetic skin infections compared with placebo, resulting in a reduced need for anti-infective medication. Trial Registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with ID number NCT03346434 on November 17, 2017. Infographic: [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Diaper dermatitis prevalence and severity : global perspective on the impact of caregiver behavior
Objectives
To compare prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis (DD) in infants and toddlers (babies) across three countries (China, USA, and Germany), including diapered skin measures and caregiver practices.
Methods
A crossâsectional study of 1791 babies (~600 from each country) was recruited at each clinical site. Based on regional toiletâtraining habits, exclusively diaperâwearing infants were recruited between ages 2â8 months in China and 2â18 months in the USA and Germany. DD was measured, as well as skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and relative humidity (RH) in the diapered region. Caregiver habits were collected via a questionnaire and included information on hygienic practices.
Results
Diaper dermatitis was highest in the perianal area, followed by the intertriginous, genital, and buttock regions. In general, DD was significantly lower in babies in China, highest in Germany, and intermediate in the USA. This rank ordering of DD by geography was also observed in baby age 2â8 months. The lower DD observed in China was associated with lower skin pH and TEWL on diapered skin and decreased RH in the diaper. Chinese caregivers had the highest rate of prophylactic topical product usage, the most robust cleaning of the diapered area, lack of cleansing after urineâonly diaper changes, and Chinese infants spent the least time in an overnight diaper.
Conclusions
These data suggest caregiver behaviors including prophylactic use of topical products, thorough cleaning after stooling and reduced time in an overnight diaper are associated with less DD, lower superficial skin pH, and enhanced skin barrier
Dupilumab safety and efficacy in a phase III open-label extension trial in children 6â11 years of age with severe atopic dermatitis
Background: For children aged 6â11Â years with uncontrolled severe atopic dermatitis (AD), 16Â weeks of treatment with dupilumab resulted in substantial clinical benefit compared with placebo with an acceptable safety profile. However, longer-term safety and efficacy data are important to inform longitudinal AD management. Objectives: This analysis of data from an open-label extension study (LIBERTY AD PED-OLE, NCT02612454) reports the long-term safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of dupilumab in children with severe AD who had participated in the pivotal dupilumab LIBERTY AD PEDS study (NCT03345914). Methods: Enrolled patients initially received subcutaneous dupilumab 300Â mg every 4Â weeks (q4w). The q4w regimen could be uptitrated to dupilumab dose regimens of 200 or 300Â mg every 2Â weeks (q2w; for body weight < 60 or â„ 60Â kg, respectively) for patients who did not achieve an Investigatorâs Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0/1 (clear/almost clear skin) at week 16, or prior to week 16 as rescue treatment. Additional patients were uptitrated to a weight-tiered q2w regimen following a protocol amendment. Patients who maintained an IGA score of 0/1 continuously for a 12-week period after week 40 discontinued dupilumab. They were monitored for relapse and were reinitiated on dupilumab if required. Results: Data for 321 patients (mean age 8.6Â years) were analyzed, 254 (79%) of whom had completed the scheduled 52-week visit at the database lock. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild/moderate. By week 52, 41% of patients achieved an IGA score of 0/1, and 97%, 82%, and 50%, respectively, had at least a 50%, 75%, and 90% improvement from the parent study baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). By week 52, 29% of patients in the overall population had clear/almost clear skin sustained for 12Â weeks and had stopped medication; of these, 40% relapsed and were subsequently reinitiated on treatment, with a mean time to reinitiation of 13.5 (standard deviation 5.2) weeks. Following reinitiation of dupilumab, 41% of the patients with evaluable data at the time of database lock had regained an IGA 0/1 clinical response. Conclusions: Consistent with results seen in adults and adolescents, long-term treatment with dupilumab in children aged 6â11Â years with severe AD showed an acceptable safety profile and incremental clinical benefit. A substantial proportion of children who stopped dupilumab treatment after achieving clear/almost clear skin subsequently experienced disease recurrence, and required reinitiation of dupilumab, suggesting that continuous treatment may be necessary for maintenance of clinical benefit. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02612454
Infections in Dupilumab Clinical Trials in Atopic Dermatitis : A Comprehensive Pooled Analysis
Background: Patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased infection risk, including skin infections and systemic infections. Immunomodulators (e.g., anti-tumor necrosis factors, anti-interleukin [anti-IL]-23, anti-IL-17, Janus kinase inhibitors) increase risk of infections. Dupilumab (a monoclonal antibody blocking the shared receptor component for IL-4 and IL-13) is approved for inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe AD and for moderate-to-severe eosinophilic or oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma. Objective: The aim was to determine the impact of dupilumab on infection rates in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods: This analysis pooled data from seven randomized, placebo-controlled dupilumab trials in adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Exposure-adjusted analyses assessed infection rates. Results: Of 2932 patients, 1091 received placebo, 1095 dupilumab 300 mg weekly, and 746 dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks. Treatment groups had similar infection rates overall per 100 patient-years (placebo, 155; dupilumab weekly, 150; dupilumab every 2 weeks, 156; dupilumab combined, 152), and similar non-skin infection rates. Serious/severe infections were reduced with dupilumab (risk ratio 0.43; p < 0.05), as were bacterial and other non-herpetic skin infections (risk ratio 0.44; p < 0.001). Although herpesviral infection rates overall were slightly higher with dupilumab than placebo, clinically important herpesviral infections (eczema herpeticum, herpes zoster) were less common with dupilumab (risk ratio 0.31; p < 0.01). Systemic anti-infective medication use was lower with dupilumab. Conclusions: Dupilumab is associated with reduced risk of serious/severe infections and non-herpetic skin infections and does not increase overall infection rates versus placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01548404, NCT02210780, NCT01859988, NCT02277743, NCT02277769, NCT02260986, and NCT02755649
Conjunctivitis in atopic dermatitis patients with and without dupilumab therapy - international eczema council survey and opinion.
Background: Conjunctivitis is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) in general and a commonly reported adverse event in AD clinical trials with dupilumab. Objective: To survey opinions and experience about conjunctivitis occurring in AD, including those during dupilumab treatment in a group of AD experts from the International Eczema Council (IEC). Methods: Electronic survey and in-person discussion of management strategies. Results: Forty-six (53.5%) IEC members from 19 countries responded to the survey. Consensus was reached for several statements regarding diagnostic workup, referral and treatment. IEC members suggest that patients with AD should (i) routinely be asked about ocular complaints or symptoms, (ii) obtain information about the potential for conjunctivitis before starting dupilumab therapy and (iii) if indicated, be treated with dupilumab despite previous or current conjunctivitis. In cases of new-onset conjunctivitis, there was consensus that dupilumab treatment should be continued when possible, with appropriate referral to an ophthalmologist. Limitations: The study relies on expert opinion from dermatologists. Responses from few dermatologists without dupilumab access were not excluded from the survey. Conclusion: The IEC recommends that dermatologists address conjunctivitis in patients with AD, especially during treatment with dupilumab
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Dupilumab in adolescents with uncontrolled moderateâtoâsevere atopic dermatitis : results from a phase IIa openâlabel trial and subsequent phase III openâlabel extension
Background
Dupilumab (monoclonal antibody inhibiting ILâ4/ILâ13 signalling) is approved for use in adolescents aged â„ 12 years with inadequately controlled moderateâtoâsevere atopic dermatitis (AD). Dupilumab significantly improved AD signs/symptoms in a 16âweek, randomised, placeboâcontrolled phase III trial in adolescents (NCT03054428).
Objectives
To characterize the pharmacokinetics of dupilumab, and longâterm safety and efficacy in adolescents.
Methods
This was a global, multicentre, phase IIa, openâlabel, ascendingâdose, sequential cohort study with a phase III openâlabel extension (OLE) in adolescents with moderateâtoâsevere AD. In the phase IIa study, patients received one dupilumab dose (2 mg kgâ1 or 4 mg kgâ1) and 8 weeks of pharmacokinetic sampling. Thereafter, patients received the same dose weekly for 4 weeks, with 8âweek safety followâup. Patients then enrolled in the OLE, continuing 2 mg kgâ1 or 4 mg kgâ1 dupilumab weekly. Primary end points were dupilumab concentrationâtime profile and incidence of treatmentâemergent adverse events (TEAEs). Secondary outcomes included Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI).
Results
Forty adolescents received dupilumab in the phase IIa study; 36 enrolled in the OLE. Dupilumab showed nonlinear, targetâmediated pharmacokinetics. Mean ± SD trough dupilumab concentrations in serum at week 48 (OLE) were 74 ± 19 mg Lâ1 and 161 ± 60 mg Lâ1 for 2 mg kgâ1 and 4 mg kgâ1, respectively. Dupilumab was well tolerated over 52 weeks; the most common TEAEs were nasopharyngitis (week 52: 41% [2 mg kgâ1], 47% [4 mg kgâ1]) and AD exacerbation (29%, 42%). After one dupilumab dose in the phase IIa study, EASI improved from baseline to week 2 [mean ± SD reduction â34% ± 20% (2 mg kgâ1) and â51% ± 29% (4 mg kgâ1)]. With continuing treatment, EASI scores improved further [week 52: â85% ± 12% (2 mg kgâ1) and â84% ± 20% (4 mg kgâ1)].
Conclusions
In adolescents with moderateâtoâsevere AD, dupilumab's pharmacokinetic profile was similar to that in adults. These 52âweek safety and efficacy data support longâterm use of dupilumab in this patient population
A systematic review of the safety of topical therapies for atopic dermatitis
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75613/1/j.1365-2133.2006.07538.x.pd